Cellular and molecular contributions of the cardiac neural crest to cardiovascular development

ML Kirby - Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 1993 - Elsevier
Normal development of the heart and great arteries requires participation of the cardiac
neural crest. Ectomesenchymal cells from this area of the neural crest migrate to pharyngeal
arches 3, 4, and 6, where they support development of the aortic arch arteries. Cells
continue migration from the pharyngeal arches to specific sites in the outflow tract. Removal
of the neural crest results in two types of malformations: outflow septation defects and
alignment defects. The genesis of these two types of defects is by two different mechanisms …